How to Mark Out a Concrete Slab (For Accurate Layout & Levels)

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Before You Pour, You Mark

Marking out a concrete slab is the first physical step on-site — and if you get it wrong, everything from levels to reinforcement can go sideways. Whether it’s a garage base, an extension, or a patio, proper set-out means you’re working to the right size, square, and height from day one. This guide walks through the exact process used by professionals to mark out a slab area using pegs, string lines, and laser levels. No guesswork. No costly errors. Just clean lines and perfect prep.

You’ll Need:

  • Builder’s line or string
  • Wooden pegs or steel pins
  • Spirit level or laser level
  • Tape measure (30m+ recommended)
  • Spray marker or chalk
  • Hammer or lump hammer

✔ Step-by-Step: How to Mark Out a Concrete Slab

  1. 1

    Confirm Dimensions and Position On Site

    Start by confirming the exact size of the slab you're building — including thickness, width, length, and any edge details like thickenings or curves. Use your plans or building regs drawings to identify the finished footprint. Then decide exactly where it will sit on the site. If the slab abuts another building or structure, ensure you account for wall gaps, damp-proof zones, or drainage runs. Measure from fixed features like fence lines or walls to get an accurate reference point. Mark this “starting corner” with a peg — every other dimension comes from this point.

  2. 2

    Drive Pegs to Mark the Outer Corners

    Use wooden pegs or steel pins to mark the slab’s corners. Hammer them in securely so they won’t move during setup. Measure diagonals to ensure the layout is square — a common builder’s trick is the 3-4-5 triangle method (a form of Pythagorean triangle) to create perfect 90° corners. Pegs should sit outside your actual slab area, leaving room for formwork. You’re creating a grid to build around, not into. Don’t be tempted to rely on just visual guesswork — squareness is crucial, especially for slabs adjoining walls or where modular materials will sit on top (e.g. sheds, garages, patio paving).

  3. 3

    Run String Lines Between Pegs

    Tie builder’s line between each peg to outline the slab’s perimeter. Keep the string taut and level. It acts as both a visual guide and a level reference for excavating, compacting, and eventually pouring concrete. If your slab has internal steps, thickenings, or rebar beams, use additional lines to mark those too. For complex layouts, different colour string or marking spray helps track zones. Check again for square corners and matching diagonals — if the string lines are slightly off, adjust the pegs, not the layout. A single cm out now can become a major headache once the concrete’s in place.

  4. 4

    Set the Finished Slab Level (FFL)

    Decide where your Finished Floor Level (FFL) will sit — usually this aligns with adjoining structures, thresholds, or paving. Use a laser level or spirit level on a staff to mark the FFL on corner pegs. Mark this level visibly with spray paint or a nail notch. All other site layers (hardcore, insulation, mesh, and concrete) are worked down from this level. Use a tape measure to calculate depths for each layer from the FFL — e.g. 100mm concrete, 50mm insulation, 150mm hardcore. This ensures your final slab height is perfect, and there are no nasty surprises with step levels or damp bridging.

  5. 5

    Double-Check All Measurements Before Excavation

    Before digging starts, re-check all dimensions, diagonals, and levels. Make sure your slab is square, the layout matches plans, and there’s nothing in the way — including manholes, tree roots, or pipes. If you’re building close to boundaries, double-check your measurements meet planning or build-over agreements. Mark any service lines or danger zones with high-vis spray. Time spent now will save you hours of rework later. Once the slab’s marked out, signed off, and square — you’re ready to break ground.

Why is marking out a slab important?
It ensures your slab is the correct size, square, level, and positioned exactly where it needs to be. Poor marking leads to misalignment, over-pours, or even rebuilds — especially when tying into existing buildings.
Can I mark out using just spray paint?
Spray paint is useful for visual guides, but it doesn’t replace string lines and pegs. Strings help maintain tension, levels, and corners throughout excavation and formwork — something spray alone can’t do.
What tools do professionals use to mark out slabs?
Most trades use a laser level, long tape, builder’s line, pegs or steel pins, and spray paint. For large sites, total stations or site levels may be used, but for small slabs, a laser level and some good string will do the job.

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